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  Linux必备命令集深入了解你的硬件
Linux必备命令集深入了解你的硬件
时间 : 2024-12-20 12:09:12
编辑 : Jtti

了解正在运行的Linux系统的硬件是一个非常好的习惯,可以更好的完成后续系统上安装软件包、驱动程序兼容等方面问题。下面是一些常用Linux中提取有关系统和硬件组件信息的命令。

查看Linux系统信息:

tecmint@tecmint ~ $ uname

Linux

查看Linux网络主机名:

tecmint@tecmint ~ $ uname -n

tecmint.com

获取Linux内核相关信息:

tecmint@tecmint ~ $ uname -v

获取Linux内核版本相关信息:

howtoing@howtoing〜$  uname -r

打印Linux硬件架构名称:

howtoing@howtoing〜$  uname -m

一次性打印以上全部信息:

tecmint@tecmint ~ $  uname -a

查看Linux系统硬件信息,如CPU、磁盘、内存、USB控制器等,lshw是一个相对较小工具,提供的信息是从不同的/proc 文件中收集的。lshw命令由超级用户( root)或sudo用户执行。

tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo lshw

tecmint.com               

description: Notebook

product: 20354 (LENOVO_MT_20354_BU_idea_FM_Lenovo Z50-70)

vendor: LENOVO

version: Lenovo Z50-70

serial: 1037407803441

width: 64 bits

capabilities: smbios-2.7 dmi-2.7 vsyscall32

configuration: administrator_password=disabled boot=normal

chassis=notebook family=IDEAPAD frontpanel_password=disabled

keyboard_password=disabled power-on_password=disabled

sku=LENOVO_MT_20354_BU_idea_FM_Lenovo Z50-70

uuid=E4B1D229-D237-E411-9F6E-28D244EBBD98

*-core

description: Motherboard

product: Lancer 5A5

vendor: LENOVO

physical id: 0

version: 31900059WIN

serial: YB06377069

slot: Type2 - Board Chassis Location

*-firmware

description: BIOS

vendor: LENOVO

physical id: 0

version: 9BCN26WW

date: 07/31/2014

size: 128KiB

capacity: 4032KiB

capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect edd  

int13floppytoshiba int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720

int13floppy2880 int9keyboard int10video acpi usb biosbootspecification uefi

......

使用-short该选项打印硬件信息摘要。

tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo lshw -short

H/W path       Device      Class          Description

=====================================================

system         20354 (LENOVO_MT_20354_

BU_idea_FM_Lenovo Z50-70)

/0                         bus            Lancer 5A5

/0/0                       memory         128KiB BIOS

/0/4                       processor      Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U

CPU @ 1.70GHz

/0/4/b                     memory         32KiB L1 cache

/0/4/c                     memory         256KiB L2 cache

/0/4/d                     memory         3MiB L3 cache

/0/a                       memory         32KiB L1 cache

/0/12                      memory         8GiB System Memory

/0/12/0                    memory         DIMM [empty]

/0/12/1                    memory         DIMM [empty]

/0/12/2                    memory         8GiB SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous

1600 MHz (0.6 ns)

/0/12/3                    memory         DIMM [empty]

/0/100                     bridge         Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller

/0/100/2                   display        Haswell-ULT Integrated

Graphics Controller

/0/100/3                   multimedia     Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller

...

如果想生成 html 文件形式的输出,则可以使用选项-html。

tecmint@tecmint〜$  sudo lshw -html > lshw.html

查看LinuxCPU信息可以使用Iscpu命令来显示关于CPU架构信息,如来自sysfs和/proc/cpuinfo的 CPU 数量、核心、CPU 系列型号、CPU 缓存、线程等。

tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lscpu

Architecture:          x86_64

CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit

Byte Order:            Little Endian

CPU(s):                4

On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3

Thread(s) per core:    2

Core(s) per socket:    2

Socket(s):             1

NUMA node(s):          1

Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel

CPU family:            6

Model:                 69

Stepping:              1

CPU MHz:               768.000

BogoMIPS:              4788.72

Virtualization:        VT-x

L1d cache:             32K

L1i cache:             32K

L2 cache:              256K

L3 cache:              3072K

NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-3

lsblk命令用于报告有关块设备的信息,如下所示。

tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsblk

NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda       8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk

├─sda1    8:1    0  1000M  0 part

├─sda2    8:2    0   260M  0 part /boot/efi

├─sda3    8:3    0  1000M  0 part

├─sda4    8:4    0   128M  0 part

├─sda5    8:5    0 557.1G  0 part

├─sda6    8:6    0    25G  0 part

├─sda7    8:7    0  14.7G  0 part

├─sda8    8:8    0     1M  0 part

├─sda9    8:9    0 324.5G  0 part /

└─sda10   8:10   0   7.9G  0 part [SWAP]

sr0      11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  

查看系统上的所有块设备。

tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsblk -a

NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda       8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk

├─sda1    8:1    0  1000M  0 part

├─sda2    8:2    0   260M  0 part /boot/efi

├─sda3    8:3    0  1000M  0 part

├─sda4    8:4    0   128M  0 part

├─sda5    8:5    0 557.1G  0 part

├─sda6    8:6    0    25G  0 part

├─sda7    8:7    0  14.7G  0 part

├─sda8    8:8    0     1M  0 part

├─sda9    8:9    0 324.5G  0 part /

└─sda10   8:10   0   7.9G  0 part [SWAP]

sdb       8:16   1         0 disk

sr0      11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  

ram0      1:0    0    64M  0 disk

ram1      1:1    0    64M  0 disk

ram2      1:2    0    64M  0 disk

ram3      1:3    0    64M  0 disk

ram4      1:4    0    64M  0 disk

ram5      1:5    0    64M  0 disk

ram6      1:6    0    64M  0 disk

ram7      1:7    0    64M  0 disk

ram8      1:8    0    64M  0 disk

ram9      1:9    0    64M  0 disk

loop0     7:0    0         0 loop

loop1     7:1    0         0 loop

loop2     7:2    0         0 loop

loop3     7:3    0         0 loop

loop4     7:4    0         0 loop

loop5     7:5    0         0 loop

loop6     7:6    0         0 loop

loop7     7:7    0         0 loop

ram10     1:10   0    64M  0 disk

ram11     1:11   0    64M  0 disk

ram12     1:12   0    64M  0 disk

ram13     1:13   0    64M  0 disk

ram14     1:14   0    64M  0 disk

ram15     1:15   0    64M  0 disk

lsusb命令用于报告有关 USB 控制器及其连接的所有设备的信息。

tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsusb

Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:8000 Intel Corp.

Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub

Bus 002 Device 005: ID 0bda:b728 Realtek Semiconductor Corp.

Bus 002 Device 004: ID 5986:0249 Acer, Inc

Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0bda:0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp.

RTS5129 Card Reader Controller

Bus 002 Device 002: ID 045e:00cb Microsoft Corp.

Basic Optical Mouse v2.0

Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation

2.0 root hub

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