A server operating system refers to an operating system installed on a large computer, which can be used as an infrastructure platform for enterprise IT systems such as web servers, application servers, and database servers. According to different manufacturers and different purposes, the common server operating systems generally have the following types:

1. Windows Server

This is a server operating system provided by Microsoft Corporation that supports Windows-based applications and services. Windows Server has many enterprise-grade features built in, such as Active Directory, Group Policy, and Remote Desktop Services, to name a few.

2. Linux

It is a free and open source operating system known for its excellent performance and high customizability. Linux supports a wide range of hardware and software, and can be configured as various types of servers such as Web, mail, and databases.

3. centos

CentOS (Community Enterprise Operating System, which means community enterprise operating system in Chinese) is a free, open source, redistributable operating system based on the Linux kernel, derived from Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and strictly compatible with RHEL, It is one of the most widely used Linux distributions.

4. Debian system

Debian is a free, open-source operating system known for its stability, reliability, security and high compatibility [1. 2]. Debian is maintained and updated by a community of volunteers from all over the world.

Debian provides a variety of desktop environments (such as GNOME, KDE, XFCE, etc.) and applications, and users are free to choose the configuration that suits them. At the same time, Debian also supports a variety of hardware architectures (such as x86, ARM, MIPS, etc.), and can run on various devices.

5. Ubuntu

Ubuntu is a free and open source Linux operating system based on Debian, which is famous for its stability, ease of use, security and openness .

Ubuntu includes a Desktop version and a Server version, which are suitable for desktop systems and servers respectively. The Desktop version provides rich applications, graphical user interfaces, etc., supports multiple desktop environments (such as GNOME, KDE, Xfce, etc.), and is suitable for personal and enterprise users.

6. Unix

This is an operating system that supports multi-user, multi-tasking, distributed processing, and networking functions, and it was originally developed by Bell Laboratories. Unix is active in the large-scale server market, often used in high-performance computing, scientific research, financial transactions, and other fields that require a lot of computing power.

7. FreeBSD

This is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system designed for use in servers, desktops, embedded applications, and more. FreeBSD runs on a variety of hardware platforms and is easy to install and configure.

8. macOS Server

This is a server operating system from Apple that is based on the macOS operating system and adds some enterprise-grade features such as file sharing, mail services, network authentication, and device management.

In short, the above server operating systems have their own characteristics and advantages, and can meet different needs in different application scenarios.